COMPOUND SENTENCE

COMPOUND SENTENCE

Compound Sentence:

▪          kalimat yang mempunyai 2 atau lebih independent clauses.

Clause:

▪          kalimat dalam kalimat

Independent Clause:

▪          clause yang mempunyai makna yang lengkap;

▪          clause yang dapat berdiri sendiri / tidak tergantung pada clause lainnya.

Contoh:

▪          The manager is out. (Simple Sentence)

                 S              P

▪          His secretary is absent. (Simple Sentence)

                 S                 P

▪           The manager is out and his secretary is absent. (Compound PSentence)

                  S              P                    S                 P                  

         Independent Clause         Independent Clause

                           Coordinate Conjunction

Bandingkan:

He tested and debugged the program yesterday. (Simple Sentence with compound verb)

 S                P                           O           Adjunct

Compound Sentences with Coordinate Conjunctions:

▪          The computer age has arrived, and it is changing our lives.

                 S                       P                    S        P              O

                Independent Clause                   Independent Clause

                                            Coordinate Conjunction

▪          Computers have made communicating and doing business faster and more convenient, and they have greatly increased our access to information.

▪          He offered me a job last week, but I have not made up my mind yet.

▪          Personal computers have made our lives easier, but they have done so at a cost.

▪          The company’s sales increased last year, yet its net profit declined.

▪          He earns a good salary, yet he never seems to have any money.

▪          International companies are growing, so they will soon need more bilingual workers.

▪          Canada has two official languages, so government documents are printed in both English and French.

▪          Websites can give you detailed street maps for major cities, or they can give you a map of interstate highways.

▪          Young people should know a second language, or they will be at a disadvantage in the international job market.

Compound Sentences with Conjunctive Adverbs:

▪          Voice input devices are available today; however, they are not very common.

▪          I cannot attend the meeting; nevertheless, you should resolve (= menyelesaikan / memutuskan) the major issues (= pokok persoalan utama).

▪          We must meet the deadline (= memenuhi batas waktu); hence, a decision is needed now.

▪          Voice recognition systems are becoming more sophisticated; thus, keyboards may be unnecessary in the future.

▪          Singapore lies very near to the equator; consequently, the weather is very hot all the year round.

▪          There is no demand for this make of car; accordingly, I am not able to give you any orders.

▪          John is kind; moreover, he is generous.

▪          Television is entertaining; furthermore, it is sometimes instructive.

▪          He will study IT for six years; then, he will be a systems analyst.

▪          I do not like that notebook; besides, it is too expensive.

▪          You should get the license right away; otherwise, you will have to pay a fine (= denda).

Compound Sentences with Transition Expression:

▪          It is too late to finish the work; in fact, it is time to go home.

▪          He is not a stupid person; on the contrary, he is quite intelligent.

▪          They may go to the concert; on the other hand, they may decide to attend the lecture.

▪          John worked hard all year; as a result, he was promoted.

▪          He is going to England next year; in the mean time, he is studying English.

Compound Sentences with Semicolons:

▪          The microcomputer is small and portable; it is easy to take it from place to place.

▪          Motherhood causes some women to quit (= meninggalkan) their jobs; others continue working despite / in spite of (= meskipun) having children to care for.

Abridgement in Clauses of Short Agreement:

▪          John studies IT, and so do I / and I do too.

▪          John does not study IT, and neither do I / and I do not either.

▪          John studies IT, but I do not.

▪          John does not study IT, but I do.

▪          That PC is powerful, and so is this one / and this one is too.

▪          That PC is not powerful, and neither is this one / and this one is not either.

▪          That PC is powerful, but this one is not.

▪          That PC is not powerful, but this one is.

COORDINATE CONJUNCTION

Coordinate conjunction dapat digunakan menggabungkan unsur  yang paralel dalam kalimat:

-          And

-          He and I will serve on (= menjadi anggota) the board of directors.

-          My supervosir caled him and me to meet in his office.

-          Just between you and me, Tom is uncertain about whether to accept the offer to manage the business.

-          The date and the time of the meeting have not been set.

-          The growth and development of our company is phenomenal.

-          John’s and Jane’s reports are quite different from each other.

-          A mainframe is large and expensive.

-          He tested and debugged the entire program last week.

-          The programmer presented his new software package to the supervisor and to the department manager.

-          All aspiring computer analysts are trained in inputting new data and in utilizing appropriate software to interpret the data.

Or: All aspiring computer analysts are trained to input new  data and in to utilize appropriate software to interpret the data.

-          The ability to think logically and to calculate accurately is important for an accountant.

-          Screening the applicants and interviewing the best candidates require considerate time.

-          But

-          A palmtop is small but powerful.

-          She tried hard but didn’t succeed.

-          Or

-          The sofware or the computers are crucial.

-          They usually advertise their companies on the Internet or in newspapers.

CORRELATIVE CONJUCTION

Correlative conjuction dapat digunakan untuk menggabungkan unsur yang paralel dalam kalimat.

Both … and

The manager is out. His secretary is out.

Both the manager and his secretary are out. (both + noun, and + noun)

He sells used PCs. He buys used PCs.

He both sells and buys used PCs. (both + verb, and + verb)

She speaks English. She speaks Japanese.

She speaks both English and Japanese. (both + noun, and + noun)

Neither … nor

The systems analyst is not in the laboratory. His assistant is not in the laboratory.

Neither the systems analyst nor his assistant is in the laboratory. (neither + noun; nor + noun)

I cannot trust the manager. I cannot trust his secretary.

I can trust neither the manager nor his secretary. (neither + noun; nor + noun)

The instructor did not speak slowly. The isntructor did not speak cleary.

The instructor spoke neither slowly nor clearly. (neither + adverb of manner; nor + adverb of manner)

Not only … but also / Not only … but … as well

A computer programmer writes programs. A computer programmer tests programs.

A computer programmer not only writes but also tests programs. (not only + verb; but also + verb)

They study IT. They study English.

They study not only IT but also English. (not only + noun; but also + noun)

The microchip technology has put chips into computers. The microchip technology has put chips into cars.

The microchip technology has put chips not only into computers but also into cars. (not only + preposition; but also + preposition)

Either … or

You should upload the information. I should upload the informnation.

Either you or I should upload the information. (either + personal pronoun; or + personal pronoun)

He must pay the bill at once. He must return the goods.

He must either pay the bill at once or return the goods. (either + verb; or + verb)

both … and

The manager is out.

His secretary is out.

Both the manager and his secretary are out.

(Both + noun; and + noun)

He sells used PCs.

He buys used PCs.

He both sells and buys used PCs.

(both + verb; and + verb)

She writes systems programs.

She writes applications programs.

She writes both systems and applications programs.

(both + noun; and + noun)

neither … nor

The systems analyst is not in the laboratory.

His assistant is not in the laboratory.

Neither the systems analyst nor his assistant is in the laboratory.

Neither the systems analyst nor his assistant is in the laboratory.

(Neither + noun; nor + noun)

I cannot trust the manager.

I cannot trust his secretary.

I can trust neither the manager nor his secretary.

(neither + noun; nor + noun)

The instructor did not speak slowly.

The instructor did not speak clearly.

The instructor spoke neither slowly nor cleary

(neither + adverb of manner; nor + adverb of manner)

not only .. but also / not only … but … as well

A computer programmer writes programs.

A computer programmer test programs.

A computer programmer not only writes but also tests programs.

(not only + verb; but also + verb)

They study IT.

They study English.

They study not olny IT but also English.

(not only + noun; but also + noun)

The microchip technology has put chips into computers.

The microchip technology has put chips into cars.

The microchip technology has put chips not only into computers but also into cars.

(not only + preposition; but also + preposition)

either … or

You should upload the information.

I should upload the information.

Either you or I should upload the information.

(Either + personal pronoun; or + personal pronoun)

He must pay the bill at once.

He must return the goods.

He must either pay the bill at once or return the goods.

(either + verb; or + verb)

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